Potassium hydroxide (KOH), also known by its common name caustic potash, is an inorganic compound with the formula KOH. It is a strong alkaline substance and is highly soluble in water, forming a caustic and strongly alkaline solution. Potassium hydroxide is commonly used in various industrial applications due to its reactivity and properties as a strong base.

IUPAC Name: Potassium hydroxide

Common Names:Caustic potash

Molecular Formula: KOH

Molar Mass: 56.11 g/mol

Appearance: White, deliquescent solid

Density: 2.12 g/cm³

Melting Point: 360 °C

Boiling Point: 1320 °C

Solubility in Water: Highly soluble, exothermic dissolution

Applications:

1. Chemical Manufacturing:

• Production of Soaps and Detergents: Used as a key ingredient in the saponification process to produce potassium-based soaps.
• Biodiesel Production: Acts as a catalyst in the transesterification process to produce biodiesel from fats and oils.
• Chemical Synthesis: Used in the manufacture of various potassium compounds, including potassium carbonate and potassium phosphates.

2. Agriculture:

• Fertilizer Production: Used to produce potassium fertilizers, which are essential for plant growth and development.
• pH Adjustment: Employed to adjust the pH of acidic soils, enhancing nutrient availability to plants.

3. Food Industry:

• Food Processing: Utilized as a food additive for pH regulation, peeling fruits and vegetables, and as a thickening agent.
• Cocoa Processing: Used in the Dutch process of chocolate production to neutralize acidity and enhance flavor.

4. Industrial Cleaning:

• Degreasing Agent: Effective in removing grease, oils, and other contaminants from surfaces and equipment.
• Drain Cleaners: Commonly found in drain and pipe cleaning products due to its ability to dissolve organic matter and clear blockages.

5. Pharmaceuticals:

• Formulation of Medicines: Used in the production of various pharmaceutical products, including skin ointments and creams.

6. Laboratory Use:

• Reagent: Widely used as a reagent in chemical laboratories for titrations and preparation of buffer solutions.
• pH Control: Employed to maintain the desired pH in chemical reactions and processes.